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LESSON PLANS

ELEMENTARY: Trade (Alaska)

Teacher Summary
Students spend two days traveling throughout Alaska, trading as they go. They explore universal principles related to trade and commerce while learning about Alaska's geography and indigenous people. By the end of the lesson, students are poised to trade with others outside of Alaska.

Objectives:

  1. Students will learn the names and define the geographic locations of the homelands of five Alaska Native groups.
  2. Students will experience the physical landmarks necessary to travel from one region within Alaska to another.
  3. Students will choose resources from a particular region to be traded with another.
  4. Students will negotiate with each other to trade respective goods.
  5. Students will formulate a theory of trade based on their experiences.

Content Standards:

Note: The following Alaska State Standards are very similar to national standards and should be easily adaptable to teachers in other states.

Geography Standard A: A student should be able to make and use maps, globes, and graphs to gather, analyze, and report spatial (geographic) information. A student who meets the content standard should:

  1. use maps and globes to locate places and regions
  2. evaluate the importance of the locations of human and physical features in interpreting geographic patterns

Geography Standard B: A student should be able to utilize, analyze, and explain information about the human and physical features of places and regions. A student who meets the content standard should:

  1. know that places have distinctive geographic characteristics

Geography Standard D: A student should understand and be able to interpret spatial (geographic) characteristics of human systems, including migration, movement, interactions of cultures, economic activities, settlement patterns, and political units in the state, nation, and world. A student who meets the content standard should:

  1. know that the need for people to exchange goods, services, and ideas creates population centers, cultural interaction, and transportation and communication links

Geography Standard E: A student should understand and be able to evaluate how humans and physical environments interact. A student who meets the content standard should:

  1. understand how resources have been developed and used
  2. recognize and assess local, regional, and global patterns of resource use

History Standard A: A student should understand that history is a record of human experiences that links the past to the present and the future. A student who meets the content standard should:

    5. Understand that history is a narrative told in many         voices and expresses various perspectives of         historical experience
    6. know that cultural elements, including language,         literature, the arts, customs, and belief systems,         reflect the ideas and attitudes of a specific time and         know how the cultural elements influence human         interaction

History Standard B: A student should understand historical themes through factual knowledge of time, places, ideas, institutions, cultures, people, and events. A student who meets the content standard should:

  1. comprehend the forces of change and continuity that shape human history through the following persistent organizing themes;
    b. human communities and their relationships with climate, subsistence base, resources, geography, and technology

Assessment rubric
(to be supplied by Ellen of PEM)

Preparation
Log into the New Trade Winds site ahead of time and print copies of the Native Peoples and Languages map, My Resources Worksheet, and My Trading Partner's Worksheet for students. Refer to the NTW glossary for help in pronouncing the names of the groups.



Curriculm Index
Teacher Summary
Content Standards
Preparations/Supplies Needed

Student Summary

Suggested Reading
"A Story of Long Journeys"

 


Strategies
Day 1

  1. Open the class by holding up an item of clothing, or some other belonging, that came from outside your state. Ask how it got here. Guide students to consider the following:
    a. Why wasn't it made in your state?
    b. Where was it made?
    c. How did it get here?
    d. Is it valuable or not?
    e. How do people decide whether it is valuable or not?
  2. Tell the students that they will play the parts of pre-contact Alaska Natives for the next two days. Explain that "pre-contact" means in the days before Alaska Natives had any contact with Europeans or Euro-Americans - in other words, long before Vitus Bering of Russia sailed along Alaska's shoreline in 1741.
  3. As Alaska Natives, students will be trading with their neighbors, who are members of other Native groups who speak a language different from their own. Hand out desk copies of the Native Peoples and Languages of Alaska map. Divide the class into five groups and review the cultural groups they represent:

    • Southeast Alaska (consisting of Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and Eyak cultures, all classified as "Indians" rather than "Eskimos")
    • Interior Alaska (consisting of 11 different Athabascan Indian groups)
    • The Aleutians and Southcentral Alaska (consisting of the Unangan/Aleut people of the Aleutian Chain and the Alutiiq people of the Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and Prince William Sound, classified as neither "Indians" nor "Eskimos")
    • Southwestern Alaska (consisting of the Yup'ik and closely related Cup'ik people, classified as "Eskimos")
    • Northwestern Alaska and the North Slope (consisting of the Inupiat and Saint Lawrence Island Yupik people, classified as "Eskimos")

  4. Assign locations and cultures to each of the student groups. Discuss which groups  will likely trade with each other. Consider proximity, easy travel routes, and differences in geography that would make one group have available resources that another would not have.
  5. Students log in to the New Trade Winds site, and read the Trade Essay. They then navigate through it to the map of Alaska. Each group clicks onto its particular site and reads about its culture and its available resources. Students fill in the My Resources Worksheet.
  6. Students learn the cultures of their trading partners by reading the web pages. You may have printouts of this information available for students to use as desk copies when they are off-line. Students navigate to their travel partners' locations on the map and read about the items they have in abundance and what they would be likely to want in trade. They fill in My Trading Partner's Resources Worksheet.
  7. Discuss with students what makes an item desirable to someone else. Examples might be:
    a. The item is rare
    b. The item is beautiful
    c. The item is useful
    d. The item can be traded with someone else for something valuable
  8. Students work within their cultural groups to:
    a. Make banners proclaiming who they are
    b. Draw pictures of the items they wish to trade with other Alaska groups
    c. Decide a strategy for "selling" their goods to their trading partners

Day 2

  1. Students work briefly in culture groups to perfect their presentations. Remind students to compare their list of goods with those of their trading partners. Remember that if a trading partner already has plenty of seal oil, he or she might not want more - unless he could be convinced that his other trading partner wanted some. Each group then makes a "sales pitch," lasting no more than 5 minutes, to its prospective trading partner.
  2. After all presentations, lead the class in a discussion about which groups were effective and why. Which groups seemed to have the most to sell? Without money, how would people decide how much to trade for an item? Which groups had the easiest travel routes? How similar were the resources each group had available? How does this exercise relate to trade today?
  3. Explain to students that, starting in the late 1700s, Alaska Natives expanded their trade routes to include Europeans and Americans, and through them, Hawaiians and Asians. As enrichment, have students visit the Massachusetts and Hawaii trade lesson plans on this web site to learn more.